Ancestry.com Buys Mobile Photo Scanner 1000Memories

Hola amigos: Ancestry.com just bought Mobile Photo Scanner 1000Memories. The San Francisco start up 1000Memories will help Ancestry members add up photos to their family trees. The acquisition gives  access to 1000Memories’ ShoeBox mobile app, which scans photos so they can be shared online. Es

Ancestry & 1000Memories Image

 

by: Daily Reporter

Associated Press

http://www.greenfieldreporter.com/view/story/476e8d264d0645f080228fc0d4fd9703/US–Ancestry-Acquisition

Ancestry.com has bought San Francisco startup 1000memories to help members add photos to their family trees.

The acquisition gives the genealogy website access to 1000memories’ ShoeBox mobile app, which scans photos so they can be shared online. The company didn’t say how much it paid.

Founded in 2010, 1000memories launched its mobile app last year to let users scan paper photos into the digital age by scanning then in using smartphones.

Ancestry.com said Wednesday that the app has been downloaded more than 500,000 times, though it did not say how many monthly users it has. With the acquisition, Ancestry users will be able to post photos of their ancestors directly on their profiles on the site. Over the coming months, 1000memories will be integrated into Ancestry.com in other ways, too.

When 1000memories first launched, it was created as a place for people to share remembrances and photos of loved ones who died. Founder Rudy Adler had called it a “new way to deal with death in a digital age.” It morphed into the photo-scanning and sharing company later.

Ancestry.com Inc., based in Provo, Utah, has more than 2 million paying subscribers. Its stock slipped a penny to $29.68 in midday trading Wednesday. Its shares are down 12 percent from a 52-week high of $33.80 in early August.

Genealogy Tourism: The New Travel Trend

Hola amigos: The new travel  trend is genealogy tourism or the best of both worlds: travel and genealogy search (killing both birds with the same stone). Walking the walk of your elders, your ancestors from long lost lands!  What an adventure, turning tracing family trees into a reason to travel and travel far sometimes! Governments and countries hoping to participate on the trend are promoting “The Gatherings ” or ‘Route Back Home’ to welcome back their los daughters and sons tracing their roots back to them ( boosting tourism at the same time)! Good for their souls and their economies, a win- win solution, no doubt… ES

Travellers seeking to climb their family trees Image

 

by Travel Blackboard (Asia Edition)

http://www.etravelblackboardasia.com/article/86896/genealogy-tourism-the-new-travel-trend

 

Walking in the footsteps of your ancestors is fast becoming the latest travel trend as travellers turn tracing their family tree into a reason to travel; the Irish Times reported.

The Ballymoney Museum in the UK also recently hosted ‘Route Back Home’, an international family history conference that attracted delegates from USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand to attend lectures and partake in field trips to the Public Record Office.

According to the Ballymoney Times, delegates from this event were able to gather fresh information about their families while developing new skills to help with their future research.

One of the delegates described the experience as “A once in a lifetime opportunity to walk the streets where my ancestors trod”.

 

 

Extracting Value with Global Trace and Genealogy

Hola amigos: Genealogy is not only for families, products are traceable too. Global trace and genealogy is the ability to trace the complete history of a product – of every part, assembly and process throughout the supply chain and out to the customer. Global companies are investing in manufacturing intelligence, product genealogy solutions and product trace-ability resources to help them be prepared to make the sudden adjustments needed for the flow of parts and supplies. Being able to produce accurate global T&G data, tracking everything that could possibly matter, saves time and money in the long run by extracting value - having the best infrastructure for higher quality, lower costs and a superior brand. ES

Bar Code Image

 

by John Fishell

 

A new cost of doing business is coming due for global manufacturers, and it’s coming faster than many enterprises are ready to deal with.

It’s the cost of global trace and genealogy (T&G), which means the ability to trace the complete history of every part, assembly and process throughout the supply chain and out the door to the customer. I’m hearing this subject brought up more and more frequently from our customers, across every industry.

In automotive, Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers want global product trace-ability so they can better see into their supply chains. When the tsunami struck Japan in 2011, and the Taiwan floods struck a couple of months later, the industry was caught unprepared to make the sudden adjustments needed to the flow of parts and supplies. Now, many leading auto companies are investing in product genealogy solutions, both organizational and technological. In addition OEM’s are starting to make this a mandatory requirement of their suppliers

The pet food industry has had several contamination recalls in recent years. In some cases, manufacturers had to take a much bigger hit than would have been necessary if they been able to produce accurate global T&G data.

Of course industries like pharma and medical devices have long been focused on trace and genealogy for regulatory compliance reasons, as well as for safety. But the challenges keep growing as the interconnected web of suppliers and sub-suppliers keeps growing. Companies that thought they had mastered product genealogy, suddenly found themselves racing just to keep pace with the growing complexities of global manufacturing.

We shouldn’t be surprised by all of this. When we talk about global trace and genealogy, what we’re really talking about is tracking everything – every last production detail that could possibly matter. And not just in one plant, but in and across every plant, and every suppliers’ plants, and even to their suppliers.

What’s more, this complexity is growing exponentially, with each new plant that opens. This is increasingly a concern as companies increase their investment in BRIC countries (a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China) and off shoring.

Meanwhile, the impact that a product failure can have – on the enterprise and on the world – is also growing exponentially. One mistake can reverberate around the globe, while failure to contain that mistake could do irreparable damage to a brand. That should put global trace and genealogy near the top of any corporate to-do list.

Interestingly, the recent turn of events is actually good news for manufacturers. Implementing a robust global T&G solution can help you to unlock greater value from your operations while enabling greater results from continuous process improvement. If you can track all production and supply chain operations, you’re well on your way to having the best infrastructure for higher quality, lower costs and a superior brand. So, perhaps we should be talking about global trace and genealogy as an investment, not a cost.

In any case, we can safely say this: Offshore manufacturing has many inherent business advantages, but reliable product genealogy is probably not one of them. Companies opening plants around the world to reduce operating costs need to make sure they have trace and genealogy under control, or they may end up paying a very high price later on.

In my next post, I’ll take a look at a few misconceptions about what manufacturers actually need from their global trace and genealogy solution.

 

National Archives Genealogy Online Workshop Videos

Hola amigos: The National Archives has launched online videos of its most popular genealogy workshops. The videos cover topics such as census, immigration and military records. These popular workshops led by National Archives experts are available on their YouTube channel. ES

The NARA YouTube Image

 

by David McMillen
The National Archives

http://blog.dearmyrtle.com/2012/01/nara-genealogy-workshop-videos-now.html

National Archives Puts Popular Records Workshops Online for First Time!

“Know Your Records” videos now available on National Archives YouTube Channel http://www.youtube.com/user/usnationalarchives.

 

The National Archives-produced Know Your Records video shorts cover the creation, scope, content, and use of National Archives records for genealogical research. “The National Archives is proud to make our most popular genealogy lectures available online and ready for viewing by anyone, anywhere, at any time,” said Diane Dimkoff, Director of Customer Services.

 

Genealogy Introduction: Military Research at the National Archives: Volunteer Service (8:22) www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zgKBrsVpxY  Archives specialist John Deeben discusses compiled military service records at the National Archives.

 

Genealogy Introduction—Military Research at the National Archives: Regular Service (6:11) www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OMO-PbmMEw  Archives Specialist John Deeben explains how to use Army and Navy registers of enlistment and rendezvous reports for research.

 

Genealogy Introduction—Military Research at the National Archives: Pension Records (9:04)

www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT-AgYFhX1k  Archives Specialist John Deeben discusses how to research military service using pension records dating from 1775 to 1916.  Deeben shows samples of both Revolutionary War and Civil War pensions.

 

Genealogy Introduction—Immigration Records at the National Archives (11:57)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCZTSrSvxyc Archives Specialists Katherine Vollen and Rebecca Crawford provide an overview of immigration records from 1800 to 1957, including Customs Service and Immigration and Naturalization records, as well as records of ports and border crossings.

 

Genealogy Introduction: Census Records at the National Archives (11:57)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yl54NX_H1ko

Genealogy expert Constance Potter shares tips and strategies for researching U.S. Federal Census Records 1790 to 1930, and explains how they can be used for genealogical research.

Background on “Know Your Records” programs

The National Archives holds the permanently valuable records of the Federal government. These include records of interest to genealogists, such as pension files, ship passenger lists, census and Freedmen’s Bureau materials. The Know Your Records Program offers opportunities for staff, volunteers, and researchers to learn about these records through lectures, ongoing genealogy programs, workshops, symposia, the annual genealogy fair, an onlinegenealogy tutorialreference reports for genealogical research, and editions of Researcher News  for Washington DC area researchers.

 

Urban Dictionary: Puerto Rican, Boricua, Hispanic

Hola amigos: In Urban Dictionary you can look up anything… but remember that some words and phrases are  not appropriate for regular reference books or Web Sites. Those words or phrases could offend some, but after all, this is Urban, emerging  and developing in densely populated areas of large cities (especially those populated by people of African or Caribbean origin like Puerto Ricans). ES

Urban Dictionary Image

Urban Dictionary

www.urbandictionary.com

From the mundane slang to the most offensive made-up terminology, you’ll find multiple, optional definitions. And you’re likely to learn some new things you didn’t want to know about in the bargain.

http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=puerto%20rican

Puerto Rican
noun.
1.One who hails from the island of Puerto Rico
2.One whose family is descended from the island of Puerto Rico
3. Any item deriving it’s origin from the island of Puerto Rico
4.Any item relating to the people of Puerto Rico/Puerto RicansAlso known as Boricua, Puerto Ricans are amongst the most banginpeeps in the world.
Joaquin’s mother is Puerto Rican, while his father is from England.I have a Puerto Rican Flag on my wall, right above my bed.The Puerto Rican Paradeis in two hours, so don’t be late.
Puerto Rican
A person born in the island of Puerto Rico. Puerto Ricans born in the island on or after January 13, 1941 are born US citizens. Those born before that date but on or after April 11, 1899 were granted US citizenship by the Jones-Shafrat Act of 1917.Many people who were not born in the island, feel or consider themselves Puerto Ricans because one or both of their parents were born there.
Hispanic
Hispanic-an ancient adjective and noun-was mainstreamed as a political label in the United States in the early 1970′s. The purpose for the introduction of such an ancient adjective by the Nixon administration was ostensibly to create a political label solely for the purpose of applying the constitutional anti-discrimination standard of “strict scrutiny” to anyone who was labeled Hispanic. The label had the immediate effect of linking the entire population of the 19 nations that comprise Latin America, as well as, distinguishing the “Hispanic” colonial heritage of Latin American Countries from the “Anglo Saxon” colonial heritage of the United States.Before the colonization of the Americas, a person had to be solely from Hispania-Spain and Portugal together- in order to be called Hispanic. Today, Hispania has 21 progenies: two in Europe (Spain and Portugal), and nineteen in the Americas (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, The Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela).But there is more to think about: America is a country where one would not consider mislabeling a Scotsman an Irishman, for such would be an insult to the Scotsman, and visa versa; where one would not describe Canadian culture as being the same as Australian culture because such would be an insult to Canadians and visa versa. Yet, sadly, America is also a country where schools are educating the masses into believing that all people who immigrate or descend from the twenty-one distinctly different progenies of Hispania are: culturally alike, vote as a group, dance salsa, speak Spanish or Portuguese, can’t cut it in the schools, work in menial jobs, join gangs, get aids, look alike, think alike, prefer to be separated from “Anglo” America, and have no heritage other than what is being accomplished in the USA by anyone politically labeled Hispanic.America is a country where Hispanic heritage month no longer honors Hispania’s progenies as unique, various and sundry cultures. America is a country where Hispanic heritage month is politically misused for the purpose of pressuring everyone labeled Hispanic into accepting that an attribute applied to anyone labeled Hispanic is an attribute applied to everyone labeled Hispanic, regardless of their different national heritage, and their different cultural backgrounds.America is a country where the political label Hispanic is being used to camouflage one key fact, and that is that 66.9 percent (as of the 2002) of those labeled Hispanic in the United States do not represent the twenty-one progenies of Hispania, but rather only one progeny-Mexico.The political label Hispanic is not a physical description of any kind.

Puerto Rican , Puerto Rican Fade

When you intentionally leave without saying goodbye.

You’re at a party, and you want to go home early. You know that if you go say goodbye to your friends, they will try to convince you to stay longer. So instead you slip out without anyone seeing you leave. When your friends realize this, they will say that you did a “Puerto Rican” or “Puerto Rican Fade”

Puerto Rican Chin Strap

A style of beard commonly worn by Puerto Rican males that consists of a very thin band of hair extending from one sideburn, underneath the chin, and up to the other sideburn. Sometimes accented by an abundance of hair on the chin.

Before hitting the club, Jose made sure his Puerto Rican Chin Strap was nice and neat for the ladies.

Puerto Rican Flag 

Did you know that the original design used a sky blue tone of the triangle in the Puerto Rican flag? But when the flag was adopted officially by the Commonwealth in 1952 it featured a dark blue very similar to that of the US flag. This fact has raised many issues whether to use a sky blue tone or a dark blue tone in the flag. Recently, with the celebration of the flag’s 100 anniversary in 1995 the current administration displayed a flag with the original sky blue tone. Some historians concluded that the reason why a dark blue was used in the 1952 flag was related to the origins of the flag and its relationship with a revolutionary independence movement.

Puerto Rico

A former colony of Spain, now a moderately self-governing island territory of the United States located just east of the Dominican Republic. Puerto Rico used to have a proud and vibrant political culture now mired in corruption and a dead end obsession with the stale-mated status debate. Puerto Ricans have their own distinct culture, slang and history and are noted for their artistic, dramatic, athletic achievements and for their beauty. Puerto Rico also has the highest number of institutes of higher learning in the region. Puerto Rico also has the highest per capita GNP of latin america and a diversified economy with large tourist, manufacturing, health, education and service centers.

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico, officially the Commonwealth of Puerto is an archipelago in the northeastern Caribbean. The island Puerto Rico is the smallest by land area but 3rd largest by population among the Antilles.

Puerto Ricans are US citizens by the 1917 Jones Act. The island has a republican form of government and is subject to US jurisdiction and sovereignty. Any US Citizen, even those born in PR, may vote for the US president and US Congress from any other part of the world. Conversely, no US citizen may vote for federal level positions from Puerto Rico. This is why many make the mistake of believing the territory is a colony. In fact Puerto Rico is a country on its own. Puerto Rico hosts Consulates from 42 countries and is well represented in the ONU. Although Spanish is the official language, almost every Puerto Rican is bilingual. Puerto Ricans also tend to have the highest GPAs in the entire American continent.

The island of Puerto Rico is famous for its many achievements in sports, despite being a small island, has had more World boxing champions than any other country. The basketball team of Puerto Rico defeated the US basketball team in Athens, Greece, the defending gold medalist and basketball powerhouse in Olympic play.

boricua

Boricua might be seen as a synonym for Puerto Rican.

“Boricua” means native from Borinquen (the island original name). This is similar to “Puerto Rican” which means native from Puerto Rico.

boricua

Boricua” goes back centuries. The island was called Boriken by the native Taínos. “Boricua” was derived from Boriken – most likely coined by early colonial Spaniards. All those names Boricua, Borinquen, Borincano, Borinqueño – are very old Puerto Rican terminology found in old Puerto Rican history books, and poems that are over 200 years old, etc. If you have not studied in Puerto Rico and read these words in our own Spanish literature (in school textbooks) and native poems then you might think of them as “foreign” but they are not. You are right they are not “proper” Castellano, but only Spaniards speak “proper” Castellano. These terms are actually “criollo” – developed in the island. They are true Puerto Rican terminology.)

Not every Boricua is a Puerto Rican. In order to be clasified as a Boricua you should have very special and particular characteristics as a puertorican.\

Boricua

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
AMAZING — A definition that isn’t racist !
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

(n) Appellation many Puerto Ricans prefer as a matter of ethnic pride. “Boricua” was the name Puerto Rico’s indigenous Indians, the Taino, gave to their island. The term means “valiant people.” (The Puerto Rican national anthem is “La Borinqueña.” Other spellings are: Boriquén, Borinquen, or Borinquén).

Boricua College is a non-traditional four year institution started in New York in 1973. The college has 1200 mostly low income students on its campuses in Manhattan and Brooklyn.

Boricua

Another name for a puertorican person. The name comes from the Taino Indian name for Puerto Rico; Boriken, with accent on the “e”. I bought a book called LA LENGUA BORICUA; it is THEE!!! puertorican (puerto rican) slang dictionary, period!

I’m not kidding; if you want to learn about 2000 terms of puertorican or boricua slang, you must read this book. I got it on amazon.com, but can get also get it on barnesandnoble.com, or borders.com. PA’ QUE GOCEN!!!1

Yo soy boricua, pa’ que tu lo sepas!!!!


 

 

 

History of Puerto Rico – First Part, Chapter 16

Hola amigos: Today we will continue with The History of Puerto Rico by RA Van Middeldyk, First Part – Chapter 16- DEFENSELESS CONDITION OF THE ISLAND – CONSTRUCTION OF FORTIFICATIONS AND CIRCUMVALLATION OF SAN JUAN (entrenchments or ramparts around a besieged fortress)  1555-1641.    ES

El Morro Fortress Image

CHAPTER XVI

DEFENSELESS CONDITION OF THE ISLAND–CONSTRUCTION OF
FORTIFICATIONS AND CIRCUMVALLATION OF SAN JUAN

1555-1641

San German disappeared for want of means of defense, and if the French
privateers of the time had been aware that the forts in San Juan were
without guns or ammunition it is probable that this island would have
become a French possession.

The defenses of the island were constructed by the home authorities in
a very dilatory manner. Ponce’s house in Caparra had been fortified in
a way so ineffective that Las Casas said of it that the Indians might
knock it down butting their heads against it. This so-called fort soon
fell in ruins after the transfer of the capital to its present site.
There is no information of what became of the six “espingardas” (small
ordnance or hand-guns) with which it had been armed at King
Ferdinand’s expense. They had probably been transferred to San Juan,
where, very likely, they did good service intimidating the Caribs.

In 1527 an English ship came prowling about San Juan bay, la Mona, and
la Espanola, and this warning to the Spanish authorities was
disregarded, notwithstanding Blas de Villasante’s urgent request
for artillery and ammunition.

After the burning of San German by a French privateer in August, 1537,
Villasante bought five “lombardas” (another kind of small ordnance)
for the defense of San Juan. In 1529 and 1530 both La Gama, the acting
governor, and the city officers represented to the emperor the
necessity of constructing fortifications, “_because the island’s
defenseless condition caused the people to emigrate_.”

It appears that the construction of the first fort commenced about
1533, for in that year the Audiencia in la Espanola disposed of some
funds for the purpose, and Governor Lando suggested the following year
that if the fort were made of stone “it would be eternal.” The
suggestion was acted upon and a tax levied on the people to defray the
expense.

This fort must have been concluded about the year 1540, for in that
same year the ecclesiastical and the city authorities were contending
for the grant of the slaves, carts, and oxen that had been employed,
the former wanting them for the construction of a church, the latter
for making roads and bridges.

La Fortaleza

This “Fortaleza” is the same edifice which, after many changes, was at last, and is still, used as a gubernatorial residence, the latest
reconstruction being effected in 1846.[36] As a fort, Gonzalez Fernandez de Oviedo denounced it as a piece of useless work which, ”if it had been constructed by blind men could not have been located in a worse place,” and in harmony with his advice a battery was constructed on the rocky promontory called “the Morro.”

San Juan had now a fort (1540) but no guns. The crown officers,
reporting an attack on Guayama by a French privateer in 1541, again
clamor for artillery. Treasurer Castellanos writes in March and June
of the same year: “The artillery for this fort has not yet arrived.
How are we to defend it?”

Treasurer Salinas writes in 1554: “The French have taken several
ships. It would have been a great boon if your Majesty had ordered
Captain Mindirichaga to come here with his four ships to defend this
island and la Espanola. He would have found Frenchmen in la Mona,
where they prepare for their expeditions and lay in wait. They declare
their intention to take this island, and it will be difficult for us
to defend it without artillery or other arms. If there is anything in
the fort it is useless, nor is the fort itself of any account. It is
merely a lodging-house. The bastion on the Morro, if well constructed,
could defend the entrance to the harbor with 6 pieces. We have 60
horsemen here with lances and shields, but no arquebusiers or pikemen.
Send us artillery and ammunition.”

The demand for arms and ammunition continued in this way till 1555,
when acting Governor Caraza reported that 8 pieces of bronze ordnance
had been planted on the Morro.

The existing fortifications of San Juan have all been added and
extended at different periods. Father Torres Vargas, in his chronicles
of San Juan, says that the castle grounds of San Felipe del Morro
were laid out in 1584. The construction cost 2,000,000 ducats.[37] The
Boqueron, or Santiago fort, the fort of the Canuelo, and the
extensions of the Morro were constructed during the administration of
Gabriel Royas (1599 to 1609). Governor Henriquez began the
circumvallation of the city in 1630, and his successor, Sarmiento,
concluded it between the years 1635 and 1641. Fort San Cristobal was
begun in the eighteenth century and completed in 1771. Some
fortifications of less importance were added in the nineteenth
century.

When Caraza reported, in 1555, that the first steps in the
fortification of the capital had been taken, the West Indian seas
swarmed with French privateers, and their depredations on Spanish
commerce and ill-protected possessions continued till Philip II signed
the treaty of peace at Vervins in 1598.

But before that, war with England had been declared, and a more
formidable enemy than the French was soon to appear before the capital
of this much-afflicted island.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 36: The inscription on the upper front wall of the building
is: "During the reign of her Majesty, Dona Isabel II, the Count of
Mirasol being Captain-General, Santos Cortijo, Colonel of Engineers,
reconstructed this royal fort in 1846."]

[Footnote 37: Ducat, a coin struck by a duke, worth, in silver, about
$1.15, in gold, twice as much. It was also a nominal money worth
eleven pesetas and one maravedi.]

 

Visit your Local Family History Center

Hola amigos:The best genealogical records are deposited at the main Library of Family History, Utah. Run by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also known as the Mormons, are lent out to Family History Centers all over the country.  ES

Family History Library Image

 

By Daniel Klein/For The Jersey Journal 

http://blog.nj.com/tracing_your_roots/2012/06/a_visit_to_your_local_family_history_center_could_give_you_a_leg_up_when_climbing_the_family_tree.html

A most excellent place to get some of your genealogical research done is at one of the Family History Centers, run by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also known as theMormons. As part of their religion, the Mormons believe that their ancestors, regardless of their religion, will have the opportunity to accept the gospel and become part of their church.

The Mormons go to great lengths to visit libraries, courthouses, city halls and archives to microfilm records and documents, not just here in the United States, but around the world. You could conceivably do all your overseas research at any Family History Center (of course that means you won’t to get to travel abroad to do your research). All of these are deposited at their main library and these are lent out to Family History Centers all over the country. The film reels are indexed and cataloged at Familysearch.org, where you can search for records pertaining to your ancestors.

I recently visited the Family History Center in Emerson, and found that it is a great place to do research. Here’s how it works: Visit the aforementioned FamilySearch.org from your home computer to do some searches for your family history. If you find something, you might then be able to order a film from the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. There’s a good chance you find something about your ancestry within the 2.4 million rolls of microfilmed records the Family History Library has to offer.

Ordering a film will cost you $7.50, but the library will send it to your local Family History Center, so there’s no need to travel looooooong distances to do your research, although it does take from two to two and a half weeks for your film to be shipped. For an additional fee, they will make a copy of the entire film so that it can always be on deposit at the local center.

No one is going to try to convert you there. Staffers and volunteers really want to make you feel comfortable. At the Emerson FHC, there are four computers, each with access to Ancestry, Fold3 and other paid databases, but you won’t have to pay a dime – access to them is free. There are, of course, microfilm readers and printers, including a digital reader that allows researchers to save document images to a flash drive. But what I found about doing research there is that it is indeed a community of helpers. There are always a couple of volunteer staffers from the church on duty, but the other researchers can be quite helpful in navigating around the complex world of genealogy – records, relationships, search strategies, ethnic research and the like.

So if you find that you need to do some extensive research across a great distance (or even some local stuff!) visiting a Family History Center might be the best place you can go.

Situaciones Especiales en el Trabajo Genealógico

 

Por Jenny Padilla
La Genealogia de Puerto Rico
Genealogy Tree Image

Al pensar en genealogía cruzan por la mente imágenes de rostros que reflejan diversidad de épocas y lugares.  El genealogista es como un arqueólogo que desentierra una gran pirámide: detrás de cada individuo que descubre se encuentra toda una generación.  El trabajo es arduo y siempre será inconcluso, pera cada pequeño avance representa una satisfacción indescriptible.  Son muchos los escollos que se deben superar y en ocasiones estos aumentan cuando se encuentran situaciones fuera de lo común.  A continuación se exponen algunas situaciones especiales y alternativas para facilitar la labor así como registrar sugerencias para información en forma metódica, de manera que sirva de base a futuras investigaciones.

Lógica:

El trabajo de genealogía es una reconstrucción del pasado.  Por esta razón, se deben analizar los datos minuciosamente y aplicar nuestro buen criterio para minimizar errores.  Cuando un dato no es lógico se debe revisar la fuente de información.  Si la información ha sido tomada en en forma correcta, entonces se debe escribir un comentario en el espacio que se provee para explicaciones.  Un ejemplo de estos casos seria el de hijos de un mismo matrimonio nacidos con una diferencia de edad menor a un periodo normal de gestación.

Entrevistas:

Uno de los métodos que con mayor frecuencia se usa en el comienzo de un trabajo genealógico es la entrevista a familiares y parientes.  Esta entrevistas dan un marco de referencia para luego trabajar en las fuentes de información oficiales.  En ocasiones las personas entrevistadas no recuerdan la fecha exacta de un evento, pero si recuerdan si ese evento fue cercano a un desastre natural, una guerra, o algún cambio significativo político o social.

Jurisdicciones municipales: 

A través de los años los territorios municipales han sufrido muchos cambios.  Se pueden encontrar algunos barrios que se han convertido en pueblos, alguno pueblos han cambiado de nombre y otras áreas que eran pueblos han pasado a ser barrios por lo que es preciso estudiar la historia del área que se va a trabajar.

Ademas hay que registrar los lugares donde ocurren los acontecimientos en la forma mas completa que sea posible.  Se anotan comenzando con la división geográfica mas pequeña hasta llegar a las mas grande, separando las divisiones por comas, por ejemplo: Sevilla, Andalucía, España.  No deben usarse abreviaturas para evitar futuros errores de interpretación.  Si no se conoce una jurisdicción se deja un espacio en blanco entre comas para lo que falte, ejemplos: Florida, Estados Unidos.

Fuentes de información:

En el trabajo genealógico es muy importante anotar una referencia completa de la fuente de información de donde se obtienen los datos.  De esta manera, cuando hay información en conflicto sobre un mismo hecho, se puede dar credibilidad de acuerdo al grado de confiabilidad de la fuente.  El escribir la referencia completa sobre un hecho puede facilitar la labor en caso que se tenga que verificar la información.

Las fechas son vitales en un trabajo genealógico y uno de los aspectos que crea mayor confusión es cuando no se usa un método.  La forma correcta de escribir una fecha es: el día, en números; el mes, en palabra; el ano, con sus cuatro números, debido a que se trabaja con diferentes siglos.  El mes nunca se debe escribir en números para evitar confusión con el día.  Si el espacio para escribir la fecha es limitado, se puede acortar el nombre de mes escribiendo solamente las tres primeras letras.

Apellidos que comienzan con H, I, Y, B, V, C y S:

Hay que tener sumo cuidado con los apellidos que comienzan con la letra H, especialmente en escritos antiguos.  En ocasiones por costumbre, ignorancia o descuido la letra H es eliminada y aparecen los apellidos listados en el índice de los libros en la letra subsiguiente.  De esta forma, el apellido Herrero podría estar listado en la letra E, como Errero.  Si la letra subsiguiente a la letra H es la letra I, entonces podría parecer en el índice de la letra I o en la letra Y.  El apellido Hidalgo puede aparecer como Idalgo o Ydalgo.  Es posible que al buscar en el índice de un libro se encuentre que hay algunos apellidos en la letra H, pero eso no es indicativo que todos los apellidos que comienzan con H estén listados correctamente.  Para evitar revisiones innecesarias se debe buscar los apellidos que comienzan con H, en el índice de la letra H, en el índice de la letra subsiguiente y si la letra subsiguiente es I, en el índice de la letra Y.

Igualmente hay que tener cuidado con apellidos que empiezan con las otras letras mencionadas.  Como hemos visto en el párrafo anterior, la I y la Y se intercambian con frecuencia.  Y es igual de común de intercambiar la B por la V y la S por la C.

Escrituras antiguas:

Las letras cambian a través del tiempo.  Documentos escritos anterior al siglo XVIII requieren un estudio especial de la paleografía.  Podemos encontrar problemas con la “R”, la F y la T (vease Anejo B).  La T se escribía de tal modo que se parece a la F.  En Cabo Rojo había una familia Tur.  Este apellido se escribía muchas veces con una a al final en vez de la r y con la T que se parece a la F.  Nos costo mucho trabajo hasta que entendíamos que “Fua” debería leerse “Tur”.

En el siglo pasado las letras tienen el aspecto del alfabeto gótico a pesar de que se mantiene esencialmente el alfabeto latino.  Sin embargo, se adopto el uso de varios tipos de la letra s dentro de las palabras.  Estas letra se parece a una f, así que el apellido “Cuesta” parece ser “Cuefta”.  En general, se requiere unos conocimientos del desarrollo fonético del lenguaje para entender que muchas veces diferentes palabras son realmente variaciones del mismo apellido.  Esto aplica muy en especial a los apellidos extranjeros que se escribían con frecuencia fonéticamente.

Datos incompletos:

En ocasiones después de mucho esfuerzo por localizar datos sobre ciertas personas, al encontrarlos se sufre la decepción de que están incompletos.  Se puede encontrar nombres sin apellidos, apellidos sin nombre, apodos con apellido, apodos solamente y hasta hueco en el documento que se esta leyendo.  Aunque no se pueda descifrar parte de los datos se debe hacer un esfuerzo por registrar la mayor información posible, ya que es probable que otra persona no vuelva a tener acceso a ese documento.

Para indicar que la información esta incompleta puede hacerse uso de un guión o puntos suspensivos.  Cuando se tiene el nombre sin apellidos, se escribe el nombre y dos guiones ( Juan –).  Si se tiene los apellidos sin nombre, se escribe un guión y los apellidos ( – Rivera Rosa).  En casos de tener el apodo con apellidos, se escribe el apodo en paréntesis y los apellidos, (Juancho) Rivera Rosa.  Si únicamente se tiene el apodo, entonces se escribe en paréntesis (Juancho).  En casos en que el documento tenga un hueco se usara puntos suspensivos y hasta donde sea posible, uno por letra (Juan…ra Rosa).  Cuando se pierde una palabra completa se puede usar tres puntos suspensivos.  En caso de fechas se puede usar un guión para los días o años.

Fechas aproximadas:

Las fechas aproximadas se pueden registrar cuando se sabe el periodo de tiempo en que ocurrió un acontecimiento, pero se desconoce la fecha exacta.  En periodos de epidemias o desastre naturales, es posible encontrar libros de difuntos donde se registran los entierros para varios meses sin especificar la fecha exacta.  Estos acontecimientos se pueden registrar, enero – junio 1855.  Cuando hay dudas respecto al día, mes o ano se registra: 13/15 diciembre 1835, 7 junio/julio 1850 o 1 mayo 1845/1846.  Cuando en el documento original hay confusión respecto a una fecha pero se puede establecer alternativas, se registra: 13 septiembre 1878 o 1888.

Fechas calculadas:

Si no se encuentra la fecha de nacimiento de un individuo pero se tiene la fecha exacta en que ocurrió u acontecimiento en su vida, se puede calcular la fecha de nacimiento.  El acta de defunción o matrimonio dirá la edad de la persona al momento en que se llevo a cabo la ceremonia.  Por ejemplo, se puede registrar que una persona murió el 25 mayo 1919, ( edad 80).  Con esta información se puede registrar, tentativamente, como fecha de nacimiento: aprox. 1839 o (80 años) 1839.  Los registros de censos y la validación de testamentos también son fuente de información para fechas calculadas.

Discrepancia en información:

Cuando hay discrepancia en una misma información, se le dará mayor peso a aquella fuente donde los afectados directos son los informantes.  De esta forma, el acta de bautismo o nacimiento tendrá mas valor en cuanto a sus datos que el acta de defunción de un individuo.  En el acta de bautismo moderno, los informantes son, por lo general, los padres del niño, así como en el acta de nacimiento.  Mientras que en el acta de defunción puede ser el informante un cuñado, un yerno hasta un vecino.  Es común encontrar errores de fechas, nombres o lugares cuando no existen lazos consanguíneos entre el informante y el afectado.  En un acta de matrimonio los datos relacionados con los contrayentes tendrán mas valor al comparalos con el acta de defunción.  Por otro lado, se prefieren tomar los datos relacionados con los abuelos de los contrayentes de su acta de bautismo o nacimiento.

Subrayar:

Este procedimiento se utiliza para reafirmar que una información que parece ser inusual o inexacta, es correcta.  En muchos países del mundo la mujer casada nunca deja de usar su apellido de soltera, por esta razón cuando el apellido de soltera de una mujer es igual al de su esposo, debe subrayarse el apellido de la esposa.  Se deben subrayar ademas los apellidos que usualmente se utilizan como nombre y cuando el apellido de un hijo no es igual al de su padre.  Cuando una persona tiene un nombre que usualmente se usa en el sexo opuesto, o tiene por nombre una palabra que no se utiliza como nombre, también debe subrayarse.  Si es un nombre que se utiliza en ambos sexos, entonces se debe subrayar el sexo.  Las fechas que aparentan estar incorrectas, como hermanos que tienen una diferencia de edad de los meses o hijos que nacen después de muerto su padre, se deben verificar y luego subrayar para certificar que han sido tomadas correctamente.

Unión de común acuerdo:

La unión de común acuerdo o consensual se refiere a una pareja que vive junta como marido y mujer pero sin haber sido unida por una ceremonia religiosa o civil.  Cuando estas uniones tienen descendencia, debe prepararse una hoja de cuadro familiar y en el espacio que se provee para la fecha de matrimonio, se debe registrar la frase: No casados.

Hijos legitimados:

En las ultimas décadas el legitimar hijos nacidos fuera de matrimonio se hace cuando el hijo es aun pequeño.  Escasamente este proceso, ya sea legal o voluntario, ocurra en hijos crecidos o personas adultas.  Pero en épocas anteriores se encuentra con frecuencia que matrimonios realizados entre personas que ya tenían hijos entre si, legitiman sus hijos en la partida de matrimonio.  También se encuentran casos que se legitiman hijos en testamentos.  Estos hijos legitimados deben registrarse con el apellido paterno y escribir una nota en el espacio que se provee para explicaciones.  La nota deberá incluir el método que se uso, la fecha y el lugar de la legitimación.

Hijo único:

Hasta hace unas cuantas décadas era poco común encontrar matrimonios con un solo hijo.  Las uniones de común acuerdo, con frecuencia, son de poca duración y procrean un solo hijo.  Para la persona que sea hijo único, ya sea hijo de matrimonio o de común acuerdo, debe preparase una hoja de cuadro familiar para él o ella y sus padres.

Fallecidos:

Se usa la palabra “fallecido” o fallecida”, en el espacio que se provee en las hojas para fecha de defunción, cuando se tiene información de primera fuente, de que una persona ha fallecido, aunque se desconozca la fecha de su muerte.  Si la persona tiene mas de 110 años de nacida, se puede también escribir la palabra “fallecido” o “fallecida” por entender que es muy poca la probabilidad de que aun este viva.

Muerte incierta:

Cuando una persona es declarada legalmente muerta, perdida en el campo de batalla, o perdida en el mar, se debe esperar 110 años de su nacimiento para registrarla como “fallecido” o “fallecida”.  Se puede ademas registrar una explicación sobre las circunstancias inciertas de su muerte.

Bebe nacido muerto:

Cuando un/a bebe nace muerto/a, en muchas ocasiones no se le da un nombre y en el acta de defunción aparece como: Bebe (párvulo, recién nacido) – Apellido Paterno – Apellido Materno.  Estos niños pueden registrarse en el espacio que provee la hoja de cuadro familiar para explicaciones.  Se registra el sexo, fecha de nacimiento y lugar de nacimiento.  No se debe escribir niño/a en el lugar del nombre para evitar futuras interpretaciones incorrectas.  El registro de los niños nacidos muertos o de abortos múltiples, puede dar una explicación cuando existe una gran diferencia de edades entre hermanos.  Se el niño nace muerto pero se le da un nombre, entonces deberá aparecer en el orden correspondiente de los hijos de la pareja.  La fecha y lugar de nacimiento, asé como la fecha y lugar de defunción, serán la misma. 


Apellidos:

Los apellidos sufren cambios a través de las generaciones.  Cuando las personas emigran a países donde se habla un idioma diferente al de su país de origen, en muchas ocasiones sus apellidos y nombres son adaptados al idioma del país donde se vive.   Se puede encontrar casos donde el apellido es una traducción, o una adaptación representativa de su significado, o ha sufrido variaciones en su forma escrita acortando el mismo, o representando en forma escrita su pronunciación original.  Los apellidos compuestos también han sufrido cambios.  Algunos apellidos compuestos se simplifican a través de generaciones a su primera o segunda parte o eliminando alguna palabra que uniera las dos partes.  Aun en apellidos simples se puede encontrar cambios de letras.  En todos los casos se debe registrar las personas con sus nombres y apellidos como aparecen escritos en su acta de bautismo o de nacimiento.  En ausencia de la fuente original del individuo, que es el momento cuando sus padres determinan como llamarle, se debe considerar en orden de importancia aquellos documentos donde es la propia persona la que informa los datos.  Un buen documento a considerarse podría ser el acta de matrimonio o un documento donde aparezca la firma de la persona.

Personas con varios nombres:

En nuestros días los padres registran a sus hijos con uno o dos nombres.  Pero cuando se trabaja documentos antiguos se puede encontrar personas hasta con cinco o mas nombres y con cuatro apellidos.  Es importante que en la hoja de cuadro familiar donde esta persona aparece como hijo, se registre con todos sus nombres y apellidos.  Luego se puede encontrar documentos donde no usa todos sus nombres y apellidos, sino que usa distintas combinaciones de sus nombres y apellidos.  El registrar todos los datos inicialmente puede minimizar errores futuros.

Apodos:

Los apodos tienen una importancia significativa cuando distinguen dos o mas individuos con un mismo nombre, cuando la persona es mas conocida por su apodo, cuando se desconoce el nombre pero se conoce el apodo, o cuando el apodo no es diminutivo del nombre o no se deriva del nombre.  Si se tiene dos hijos de un mismo matrimonio ambos de nombre Juan, podrían distinguirse si a uno le llamaban Juancho y al otro Juanito o se le llamaban Juan I y Juan II.  En caso deportistas, políticos o personas de vida publica, en muchas ocasiones son mejor conocidos por su apodos.

Cuando una persona es inscrita con un nombre que no es el que decidieron sus padres puede darse el caso que su apodo sea el nombre escogido por los padres o el diminutivo de este nombre.  Asé se puede encontrar personas de nombre Carmen y le llaman Lynnette o de nombre Luis y le llaman Johnny.  Los apodos se registran escribiendolos en paréntesis después del nombre, por ejemplo: Juan (Juancho) Valle Rivera, o se registran de la manera siguiente: Juan o Juancho Valle Rivera.

Adopción:

Los hijos adoptivos tienen varias alternativas para trabajar su árbol genealógico.  Pueden buscar las raíces de sus padres legales y sus ancestros.  También pueden buscar sus raíces biológicas o pueden trabajar ambos arboles genealógicos, tanto el legal como el natural.  De igual manera, si en una investigación genealógica se encuentran un antepasado que fue adoptado legalmente, todas las alternativas anteriores aplican.

Títulos de nobleza o profesiones:

El escribir antes del nombre títulos de nobleza o profesiones puede causar confusión especialmente si están escritos en términos en desuso o en idiomas extranjeros.  Podría interpretarse posteriormente como parte del nombre.  Esta información puede registrarse en el espacio que provee la hoja de cuadro familiar para explicaciones.

 

Adding to your Genealogy with Online Digital Newspapers

news

Hola amigos: Online digital newspapers adds branches to your genealogy tree. Every part of history: births, marriages, death notices, obituaries, social events, sporting events, church activities and affiliations, occupations, legal notices, land sales, taxation, military service, businesses, and advertisements has been chronicled in newspapers. ES

Newspaper Image

 

By James Tanner

https://familysearch.org/techtips/2012/04/adding-to-your-genealogy-with-online-digital-newspapers

Throughout the world, local and national organizations, including governments, are realizing that much of their national heritage, culture and history has been chronicled in newspapers. Most newspapers have been printed on cheap paper and deterioration of the paper is threatening to have newspapers disappear before they are preserved. As a result, newspaper digitization projects are popping up all over the world and millions of pages of national and local newspapers are being preserved with access online. Genealogists benefit from this huge influx of searchable online images through the information that in contained in the newspapers. Some of the types of information that may be found include articles about births, marriages, death notices, obituaries, social events, sporting events, church activities and affiliations, occupations, legal notices, land sales, taxation, military service, businesses, and advertisements. See FamilySearch Research Wiki, Digital Historical Newspapers.

In the past, doing research in newspapers was exceedingly tedious. The researcher essentially had to read all through page after page and day after day of newspapers hoping to find some relevant details. Today, most of the online newspaper archives are completely searchable by any word in the newspaper. Searching for an ancestor’s name is no more difficult than it is searching in Google or any other online search engine. Some of the larger collections charge a fee for searching, but there are other large collections that are free.

Although a complete list of sources is unlikely to exist, for a comprehensive list of online digital archives, start with the Wikipedia article, List of online newspaper archives. From this long list of sources you can see that countries as diverse as Malawi and Mexico have online collections. Some of the country’s collections are impressively large, others are limited to one or two larger newspapers. Some of the sites, like that of the National Library of New Zealand, have free and very comprehensive archives. Other notable country collections include those listed in the British Columbia Digital Library from Canada. Another source of lists of digital newspaper sources is Cyndi’s List. Search for digital newspapers.

Originally Google.com was very much involved in a newspaper digitization project. However, Google has since abandoned the project although it still has some historic newspapers on its site. You can access the remains of the Google newspaper archive by clicking on the “News” menu from the Google homepage. At this point, you have to enter your search term or terms. Once you do a search additional options will appear on the left-hand side of the Google screen. These include an option to search the Archives or to search for a custom date range. Depending on the jurisdiction and Google’s coverage, you can find historic newspaper articles dating back into the 1800s.

About the time Google stopped adding to its online newspaper collection, the Library of Congress began ramping up its Chronicling America, Historic American Newspapers project. At the time of this post, the Library of Congress had almost 5 million pages of digitized newspaper images in most of the U.S. states. New images are being added regularly. See FamilySearch Research Wiki, Library of Congress Chronicling America. An advanced search will let you find articles containing an ancestor’s name. The Chronicling America site also has a listing of nearly all of the newspapers published in America with an explanation of where copies of the newspapers can be found. Some of the U.S. states have fairly comprehensive online digitized collections. Notable among the online archives are Utah Digital Newspapers, the California Digital Newspaper Collection, and the Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection.

There a notable collections of digitized newspapers from the British Newspaper Archive.. The British Newspaper Archive has almost 5 million pages and is administered by brightsolid, one of the largest genealogical companies in the world. You can search the Archive, but you have to pay to download any copies of what you find. Another large British collection is the 19th Century British Library Newspapers digital archive which is available for free through the Family History Centers.

Many of the other large commercial genealogical websites also have extensive collections of digitized newspapers. There are also huge collections in websites that are not particularly dedicated to genealogy. In these sites, there is usually a fee associated with searching and/or downloading images. The two big sites that have digitized records are Ancestry.com and WorldVitalRecords.com. For example, WorldVitalRecords.com claims to have more than 100 million pages of newspapers from 1739 to the present. Both of these sites are free at Family History Centers.

Another very large collection of digitized newspapers is available from NewsBank.com. This collection of digitized newspapers may be the largest in the U.S. but the site, in addition to be commercial, is available only through universities and libraries. The company does have a consumer product called GenealogyBank.com. This website is also commercial and has a fee, but it is less expensive that a NewsBank.com prescription.

You cannot consider a search for a lost relative to be complete until you spend the time to search through all of the possible newspapers that might have written about your ancestor or the family. There is no reason, given the large and increasing number of newspapers going online, to skip this vital step in identifying your ancestors.

 

Center for Jewish History and Routes to Roots Foundation

Hola amigos: The Center for Jewish History is a partnership  of five Jewish organizations based in New York. The Center announced a cooperative agreement between them and The Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation (RTRF) expanding Online Access to Family History Research. The new partnership brings in one place some of the world’s most comprehensive databases for researching Jewish genealogy.  ES

The Center for Jewish History Image

 

http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/center-for-jewish-history-and-routes-to-roots-foundation-expand-online-access-to-family-history-research-147991875.html

 

PRNewswire — The Center for Jewish History, one of the world’s foremost Jewish research and cultural institutions, has announced a cooperative agreement between the Center and The Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation (RTRF).

The new collaboration brings together some of the world’s most comprehensive databases for researching Jewish genealogy. The Center will incorporate RTRF’s Eastern European Archival Database and Image Database into its online catalog, vastly expanding access to a wealth of genealogical resources relating to Jewish and civil records from Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland and Ukraine. Select archive data has also been added to the database from Russia and Romania. Coupled with the vast trove of the Center’s partner collections, researchers will soon be able to gain enhanced free access to some of the most comprehensive family history research tools anywhere in the world.

As part of this new relationship, Ms. Weiner, a premier Jewish genealogist, will serve as senior advisor for genealogy services in the Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogy Institute at the Center.  Users will be able to access RTRF through www.cjh.org and at www.rtrfoundation.org.

“The Center is proud to work with Miriam Weiner and the Routes to Roots Foundation,” says Michael S. Glickman, the Center’s chief operating officer. “This initiative is at the core of our mission to ensure greater access to the materials of the Jewish people and to create a lasting legacy of our partners’ holdings for scholars, students and the general public.”

The Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogy Institute, the largest Jewish family history research institute in the United States, provides an enormous wealth of resources six days a week for lay investigators and seasoned researchers. The five partners of the Center—American Jewish Historical Society, American Sephardi Federation, Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research—hold collections that total more than 500,000 volumes and 100 million archival documents, including tens of thousands of textiles, ritual objects, recordings, films, photographs, and works of art. Taken as a whole, the collections represent the world’s largest repository of the modern Jewish experience.

The Routes to Roots Foundation was established in 1994 with the goal to survey, study, research, inventory and document Jewish material, archives and Judaica in Eastern European archives. RTRF has expanded its goals to include an extensive image collection, numerous articles by historians and archivists and updated archival data, all accessible on the RTRF website without cost to the user.  Miriam Weiner is an author, lecturer and columnist. Weiner is a recognized expert in the field of genealogy and Holocaust research and she has been awarded the International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies (IAJGS) prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award.  Weiner’s two award-winning books: Jewish Roots in Poland and Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova remain authoritative in the field.

For media inquiries, please contact Lisa F. Roth, the Center’s director of institutional advancement, at lroth@cjh.org or             212-294-8307      .

SOURCE The Center for Jewish History